What physiological condition is primarily responsible for heart pain?

The physiological condition primarily responsible for heart pain, often referred to as angina, is inadequate oxygen supply to the heart muscle. When the heart does not receive enough oxygenated blood, typically due to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, it can lead to pain or discomfort in the chest. This condition prompts the heart to signal distress, often resulting in the sensation of chest pain.

While increased oxygen demand can contribute to heart pain, such as during physical exertion, it is ultimately the failure of the heart to obtain sufficient oxygen that manifests as pain. Heart valve defects and arrhythmias can lead to compromised heart function or altered blood flow but are not the primary physiological conditions that result in angina. The core issue remains that without an adequate supply of oxygen, the heart cannot function optimally, leading to symptoms of pain.